The effects of television on child health: implications and ...
The exposure of American children and adolescents to television continues to exceed the time they spend in the classroom: 15 000 hours versus 12 000 hours by the time they graduate.1 According to recent Nielsen data, the average child and/or adolescent watches an average of nearly three hours of television per day.2These numbers have not decreased significantly over the past 10 years.3 By the ...
Noonan syndrome: improving recognition and diagnosis
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a mostly dominantly inherited disorder affecting 1:1000 to 1:2500 live births. The phenotype varies in severity and can involve multiple organ systems over a patient’s lifetime. Diagnosis is based on a combination of features, including typical facial features, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, presence of cardiac defects, mild developmental delay, cryptorchidism ...
Cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation
The influence of ventilation on cardiac function. Spontaneous and mechanical ventilation induce changes in intrapleural or intrathoracic pressure and lung volume, which can independently affect the key determinants of cardiovascular performance: atrial filling or preload; the impedance to ventricular emptying or afterload; heart rate and myocardial contractility.
965 How effective is Makaton in encouraging communication, the ...
Background Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) forms are used by people of all ages with special educational needs as a way of facilitating communication. One of the most popular AACs is Makaton, a system that incorporates sign language, graphic symbols, and speech. Makaton has been used for a number of years in various settings, however its efficacy is unknown and not backed by ...
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: an overview of current evidence …
Estimates for the UK suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy and prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)—the most common neurodevelopmental condition—are high. Considering the significant health and social impacts of FASD, there is a public health imperative to prioritise prevention, interventions and support. …
O24 Ivermectin in children: what is the right dose to achieve ...
Results Clearance per kilogram was higher in children than in adults, with a median (90% confidence interval) of 0.35 (0.12–0.73) L/h/kg in children compared to 0.20 (0.10–0.31) L/h/kg in adults. As a result, ivermectin exposure in children following a 200 µg/kg dose is ∼30% lower than in adults. An increased dose of 250 and 300 µg/kg …
Functional abdominal pain: what clinicians need to know
Abdominal pain in childhood is extremely common and presents frequently to both primary and secondary care, with many children having recurrent pain which impacts on daily functioning. Despite this most children have no discernible underlying pathology. We discuss the underlying mechanism for functional abdominal pain (visceral hypersensitivity), the evidence base linking parental anxiety and ...
Varicella vaccination—a critical review of the evidence
Varicella (chickenpox) is an universal, highly infectious disease characterised by a pruritic vesicular eruption associated with fever and malaise caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV). In children, the illness is usually self limiting, lasting four to five days, but at least 1% of children under 15 years experience a complication.1 ,2 These …
Early warning scores in paediatrics: an overview
Paediatric Early Warning Scores (PEWS)are used in hospitalised patients to detect physiological deterioration and is being used increasingly throughout healthcare systems with a limited evidence based. There are two versions in general use that can lead to a clinical response, either by triggering an action or by reaching a ‘threshold’ when graduated responses may occur depending on the ...
Neonatal erythroderma: differential diagnosis and management of …
It is essential for paediatricians to recognise erythroderma and distinguish it from eczema. The aim should then be to search for underlying disorders, some of which have a specific treatment. However, for others, much remains to be done until curative treatment will be established for diseases such as Netherton’s syndrome and the ichthyoses. Erythroderma is defined as an inflammatory skin ...