Recent studies have provided important information on the nature of PV electrophysiology and of the role of the PVs in initiation and maintenance of AF. Reentry is responsible for the majority of ...

The posterior communicating artery is located in the back of the head at the back end of the circle of Willis. The circle of Willis is a band of arteries at the base of the brain that connects the ...

The inferior vena cava (also known as IVC or the posterior vena cava) is a large vein that carries oxygen-depleted blood from the torso and lower body to the right side of the heart. From there the ...

The presence of one or more of the factors listed above determines the appearance of venous congestion in the pelvic territory 4. It is important to note that these anatomical alterations mentioned ...

These nodes control the heart rhythm. The right coronary artery divides into smaller branches. One is the right posterior descending artery. The other is the acute marginal artery. It also helps send ...