Leaking tube bundles – As the scale attaches to the heat exchanger, it begins to corrode the surface. Over time, the scale ...

Additionally, studies on elastic tube bundle heat exchangers have shown that modifying tube structures and incorporating segmental baffles can significantly enhance heat transfer performance.

Heat transfer in tube bundles, particularly in the context of two-phase flow, is a critical area of research due to its applications in various industrial processes, such as heat exchangers ...