First, let's explore the atom's architecture. Formed from a cluster of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, a nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the atom as a whole, "like a fly in a ...

The study of ionisation cross sections and X‑ray production induced by electron impact forms a cornerstone in our understanding of atomic interactions and material characterisation. Ionisation ...

The invention of the atom bomb has shaped both history and ecosystems across the globe. Its far-reaching impacts have even led scientists to consider using the signature of nuclear weapons to mark ...

Ionisation cross sections quantify the probability that an incident electron will dislodge an inner‐shell electron, while the subsequent X‑ray emissions offer critical insights into atomic ...