Mr. Alfred Kammer, Director of the European Department at the IMF, speaks at the Annual Economics Conference: Pillars of ...

Industrial policy is once again at the forefront of the policy debate around the world. However, state aid is a contentious issue in the European Union given the need to maintain a level playing in ...

The solution is clear: Europe’s industrial policies need a unified, coordinated framework. When countries align their efforts, the benefits of industrial policy can outweigh the costs. Coordinated ...

European countries are increasingly turning to industrial policy to address the challenge of geopolitical fragmentation, enhance productivity, and accelerate the green transition. Well-targeted ...

The global economy has faced shock upon shock, testing the resilience of people everywhere. Countries struggling to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic were dealt another blow by Russia’s war on ...