After the build was completed, the device needed to be calibrated by turning potentiometers that control the gain of each op-amp. Once everything is balanced, the robot runs great!

The humble op-amp can be configured into so many circuit building blocks that it has become an indispensable tool for designers. It’s tempting to treat an op-amp as a triangular black box in a ...

Part 5 provides spec summary of the GP/R K2-W vacuum-tube op amp and discusses measurement constraints/conditions and LTspice modeled output. The K2-W vacuum-tube op ...