Abstract: As a longstanding scientific challenge, accurate and timely ocean forecasting has always been a sought-after goal for ocean scientists. However, traditional theory-driven numerical ocean ...

When most of us look out at the ocean, we see a mostly flat blue surface stretching to the horizon. It's easy to imagine the sea beneath as calm and largely static—a massive, still abyss far removed ...

Researchers have uncovered surprising evidence that the deep ocean’s carbon-fixing engine works very differently than long assumed. While ammonia-oxidizing archaea were thought to dominate carbon ...

Just as Earth's skies can be darkened by cloud and smog, the oceans too can be shrouded in darkness. These prolonged periods of darkness aren't just passing shadows; they can take over parts of the ...

Earth’s oceans reached their highest heat levels on record in 2025, absorbing vast amounts of excess energy from the atmosphere. This steady buildup has accelerated since the 1990s and is now driving ...

Ocean temperatures set a record high in 2025, according to a new study. The authors found that the heat content of the ocean increased by about 23 zettajoules between 2024 and 2025. That’s roughly the ...

For the first time, a study from researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego integrates climate-related damages to the ocean into the social cost of ...