Software implementations of UDP-based application protocols DNS, NTP, TFTP, Echo (RFC862), Chargen (RFC864), and QOTD (RFC865) were specifically found to be vulnerable to such network loops.

A new denial-of-service attack dubbed 'Loop DoS' targeting application layer protocols can pair network services into an indefinite communication loop that creates large volumes of traffic.

The first is known as application layer protocol negotiation, a TLS extension that allows an application layer such as a browser to negotiate what protocol should be used in a secure connection.

TCP is a connection-oriented Layer 4 protocol that provides full-duplex, acknowledged, and flow-controlled service to upper-layer protocols. It moves data in a continuous, unstructured byte stream.

What is the ALPACA attack? The application layer protocol content confusion attack (ALPACA) was first disclosed in June and presented at Black Hat USA 2021.

Internet Protocol The IP protocol is so adaptable that it has become a common denominator in many communication environments. Physical layer interfaces pass their messages to upper layers that end up ...

The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a lightweight application layer protocol specifically developed to meet the stringent requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Its design ...