This formation was known as a ‘phalanx’. A hoplite had to pay for his armour himself, unless his father was killed in battle. Then he was given his father's equipment. Enemy soldiers saw only ...

They fought primarily in a phalanx, a tightly packed shield and spear formation that might be several ranks deep and many soldiers wide. A highly successful 'war machine', the phalanx was used ...

This formation is called the "Testudo," or tortoise in Latin. The tactic springs from ancient Greek warfare which relied on the Phalanx formation to slowly chew up the enemy. In the case of riot ...

This formation was known as a ‘phalanx’. A hoplite had to pay for his armour himself, unless his father was killed in battle. Then he was given his father's equipment. Enemy soldiers saw only ...