We formalize, in a general framework, the concept of Markov chain embedding to analyze patterns in random strings produced by a memoryless source. This conceptualization, together with the capability ...

Brief review of conditional probability and expectation followed by a study of Markov chains, both discrete and continuous time. Queuing theory, terminology, and single queue systems are studied with ...

A Markov chain can be depicted in a geometric or algebraic manner. The geometric picture is that of a graph, a collections of points (nodes) connected by lines (edges).