These include the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves. A heart murmur can occur when one of these valves does not ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, most often caused by ...

and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Managing underlying medical conditions that contribute to the ...

Disease and congenital abnormalities can lead to defective valve function and cardiac insufficiency. One effective treatment in the case of aortic or pulmonary valve deficiencies is valve replacement.