KIEV (Reuters) - Germany's Siemens has signed a deal with Ukraine's Zaporizhstal steel mill, worth several hundred million euros, to replace old open-hearth steel facilities with modern converters, it ...

Although world steel production has grown at a relatively slow rate since the mid 1970s, the process by which the steel is produced has changed, with a continuing shift from open hearth to oxygen ...

THE annual meeting of the Iron and Steel Institute held on May 4-6 was devoted to a general discussion of open-hearth steel-making prac- tice. A very large amount of data was brought together from all ...

IN open-hearth steel-making, chemical reactions take place between the metal bath and a supernatant slag layer, and any material balance on the process demands an accurate knowledge of the masses ...

Oxygen in Steelmaking The injection of pure oxygen into a mixture of molten iron and scrap greatly speeds up the refining of steel. A process based on the use of oxygen is rapidly replacing the ...