Iron is an element. It is made of only one type of atom: iron atoms. Sulfur is another element. It contains only sulfur atoms, and nothing else, so it is pure. When we mix two different pure ...

Scientists at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have made a groundbreaking ...

Earth’s core could contain helium from the early solar system. The noble gas tucks into gaps in iron crystals under high pressure and temperature.

Atoms with less than the maximum number in their outer shells are less stable than those with "full" outer shells. Elements that have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells appear ...

Elements that have low ionization energies tend to have low electronegativities. The nuclei of these atoms don't exert a strong pull on electrons. Similarly, elements that have high ionization ...

The idea is that Linus collects a large number of the type of atom (the element) he needs and uses a molecular replicator, that doesn’t exist yet, to create a large quantity of the molecule (the ...