One such machine was the Elektronensaldierer ES 24, built in 1955 by German computer pioneer Heinz Nixdorf. Its name translates as “electronic balancer”, with “balance” in the accounting ...

With the advent and commercial diffusion of typewriters and adding machines, some of this work could ... In addition to the machines mentioned here, accounting machines were manufactured by IBM and by ...

Key driven adding and calculating machines were widely used in accounting and business until the late 1970s when they were replaced by electronic calculators. Photo by SSPL/Getty Images Dewar ...