OTTAWA—Canada’s Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland quit the Liberal government cabinet Monday, a surprise departure that casts further doubts about how long Prime Minister Justin Trudeau can hold on to his job given the government’s deep unpopularity.

Freeland in her resignation letter criticized the government for its failure to prepare for the potential economic challenges posed by Donald Trump’s return.

Once known as the "Minister of Everything," the PM’s No. 2 said she no longer agrees with him on the best way forward.

Chrystia Freeland, who held the finance portfolio, had been the most powerful minister in the Trudeau government for years.