New Douglas is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 350 at the 2020 census. New Douglas was laid out by Alonzo Foster in 1860, the village got its namesake from the Illinois Senator Stephan A. Douglas. The community was centered on the local coal mines and farming into the early 1900s. When need for coal dro…New Douglas is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States. The population was 350 at the 2020 census. New Douglas was laid out by Alonzo Foster in 1860, the village got its namesake from the Illinois Senator Stephan A. Douglas. The community was centered on the local coal mines and farming into the early 1900s. When need for coal dropped in the 1950s the town fell back on its farming roots, mostly of corn and soybeans.